药用植物茴香栽培技术
茴香伞形科1--2年生草本植物，其种子有香味，是常用调味品和重要药材。果实入药有驱风祛痰、散寒、健胃和止痛功效。嫩茎叶是特色蔬菜。花蜜丰富，是重要的蜜源植物。茴香属直根系喜钾植物，根系发达，入土深，叶细丝状，抗干旱，耐盐碱，喜高温强光，怕阴雨，适应性强，对土壤要求不严，适宜河西走廊及北方少雨干旱的富钾土壤栽培种植，甘肃省黄花农场年产茴香300--400吨，色鲜味浓，质量上乘，深受客户欢迎，现将其栽培技术要点介绍如下：
1、选地整地。茴香根系强大，抗旱怕涝，应选择土层深厚，盐脱良好。通透性强，排水好的沙壤或轻沙壤土种植，前作以大麦、小麦、瓜类、豆类等为宜，忌重茬连作，前作物收获后及时耕翻平整，灌足底墒水。茴香种子小，发芽后的幼苗顶土力弱，应精细整地，一般早春三月土壤解冻后及时耕翻平整，铲高垫低，达到细碎松软，平整如镜，以备待播。
2、施足基肥。茴香生育期长，需肥量大，喜磷钾肥，施肥应以基肥为主，播前结合整地每亩施优质有机肥1000千克、稀土磷肥50千克、尿素20千克、硫酸钾6千克，均匀混施于土壤10厘米深处做底肥。
3、土壤处理。3月中旬结合整地，每亩用100厘米氟乐灵或地乐胺乳油兑水30千克，在无风天均匀喷施于地表，及时耙地，使土药均匀混合，耙地深度6--8厘米，耙地后及时耥平地表，保墒待播。
4、适期早播。选择籽粒饱满，色泽鲜艳，无病虫种子，进行人工精选，除去杂物，并于播种前用辛硫磷拌种待播。河西地区一般3月下旬至4月中旬为宜，每亩用3千克精选处理的种子，行距30--40厘米，株距12--15厘米穴播，每穴播10粒左右种子，也可机械条播，播深2厘米左右，播后拂平地表。
5、松土除草。茴香幼苗顶土力弱，苗期生长缓慢，出苗前后要及时破除板结，助苗出土，待幼苗出土显行后及时除草放苗，苗期应及时中耕除草，保持田间疏松干净，以利生长发育。
6、间苗定苗。待茴香长出2--3片真叶，苗高4--5厘米时即可间苗，株距12--15厘米，每穴留苗2--3株，4--5片真叶苗高6--8厘米时定苗，每穴留苗1株，亩保苗1．20--1．50万株为宜，间苗要早，定苗要狠，禁留双苗，以利形成壮苗。
7、合理施肥。结合灌水，在1--2水时视苗情亩追施尿素8--10千克，开花灌浆期坚持叶面追肥，喷施磷二钾等3--4次。]
8、适时灌水。苗期应控制灌水，促进根系发育，防止徒长倒伏，开花期勤灌浅灌，促进花期一致，结实集中，及早成熟，后期要控制灌水，防止贪青晚熟。一般头水在抽苔后开花初期灌溉，盛花期灌二水，灌浆期灌三水，防止田间积水，全生育期灌水3--4次。
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9、防治害虫。茴香生长期易发生蚜虫危害，可用抗蚜威，氧乐菊酯，敌杀死等30--40克兑水30--40千克在早晚喷雾防治。
10、适时收获。茴香属无限花序，花期较长，籽粒成熟不一致，应采取分次采收，即一级分枝花序成熟时先剪收1次，二级花序成熟后全面收获，一般在9月下旬收割。收割后及时拉运到晒场上，放置于通风处阴干，防止雨淋和曝晒造成籽粒变色，植株干透后及时脱粒扬筛干净入库待售。
